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The aim of this paper is to explore the nationalistic and modernistic aspects in the Second Symphony of Jean Sibelius through the examination of its musical expression and reception. By virtue of its historical backdrop, Finnish audiences have considered the symphony to be nationalistic. Sibelius's musical expression such as the insistent repetition of a short melodic phrase, which is related certainly on a Finnish folk ethos, strengthens that viewpoint. On the other hand, English audiences have perceived the Second Symphony to be modernistic and revolutionary because Sibelius succeeded to address the call for new principles of symphonic form. Cecil Gray, for example, believed that Sibelius radically redefined, in the first movement of the symphony, the formal process of the sonata structure. In England, the similar viewpoints were considered authoritative at least until 1960s. The above opinions, which can eventually influence our interpretation of the composition, suggest that the identity of a musical work reflects the historical situation of the pertinent culture.
