抄録
目的:近年,妊娠可能年齢女性に高い朝食欠食率が報告され,朝食欠食者に栄養素摂取量の不足や精神的健康度の低下が指摘されている。本研究は,妊娠期の朝食欠食に関連する栄養素摂取量とその要因を明らかにすることを目的とした。方法:妊娠初期〜末期の妊婦584名を対象に,簡易型自記式食事歴法質問票(BDHQ),General Health Questionnaire12項目版(GHQ-12),自覚症しらべを用いて質問紙による横断調査を行った。結果:妊娠期の朝食欠食率は21.0%であり,朝食欠食群は摂取群に比べ,母体年齢が低く,初産婦・喫煙者の割合は高かった(p<0.05)。対象者属性の違いを調整し,朝食欠食の有無による栄養素摂取量を比較したところ,朝食欠食群ではn-3系多価不飽和脂肪酸,カルシウム,鉄,葉酸の摂取量が少なかった(p<0.05)。朝食欠食とGHQ-12には関連がみられなかったが,自覚症しらべでは,朝食欠食者に眠気感,不安定感,不快感を感じている者が多かった(p<0.05)。結論:朝食欠食者では妊娠期にとくに必要とされる栄養素摂取量が不足している可能性を考慮し,栄養指導を行う必要がある。
The rate at which Japanese women of reproductive-age skip breakfast has increased. Skipping breakfast is reported to be associated with insufficient nutrient intake and mental health. New findings have highlighted the need to better ascertain the dietary habits of pregnant women who skip breakfast. The present study aimed to clarify the relationships between skipping breakfast during pregnancy, nutrient intake, and subjective symptoms. Data were obtained from 584 pregnant women using a brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire (BDHQ), a 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), and a subjective symptoms scale. The rate of skipping breakfast during pregnancy was 21.0%. Maternal ages were younger and rates of primipara and smoking were higher among breakfast skippers than non-skippers (p<0.05). After adjusting for maternal age, parity, and smoking, pregnant women who skipped breakfast had significantly lower intakes of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, calcium, iron, and folate than did non-skippers (p<0.05). Breakfast skippers also had more subjective symptoms, especially sleepiness and feelings of insecurity and discomfort feeling compared with non-skippers (p<0.05). Our results suggested that pregnant women who skip breakfast are at substantial risk of deficiencies in the nutrient intake especially needed during pregnancy.
