小学校理科における「動物の発生(魚)」に関する教材の分析 : 科学的概念を形成し生命観を養う教科書の開発をめざして

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タイトル別名
  • Study of Teaching Material on "Development of Animal (Fish)" in Elementary School Science : Aiming at Development of Textbooks to Form Scientific Concepts and to Foster an Esteem for Life
  • ショウガッコウ リカ ニ オケル ドウブツ ノ ハッセイ サカナ ニ カンスル キョウザイ ノ ブンセキ カガクテキ ガイネン オ ケイセイ シ セイメイカン オ ヤシナウ キョウカショ ノ カイハツ オ メザシテ

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In this paper, we studied the naive concept of elementary school children on "development of animal (fish)" by questionnaires, and also analyze animals described in elementary school science textbooks published in 2005 to investigate whether they are suitable as teaching materials for observations and experiments. We compare changes in the descriptions of the items between science textbooks published in 2002 and 2005, and suggest problems to be solved in the future by analyzing them, aiming at development of teaching materials to form scientific concepts and to foster an esteem for life. These textbooks were edited by six different textbook publishers on the basis of the Course of Study, which was revised in 1998, and published in 2002 and 2005. The editing of textbooks published in 2005 was influenced by a partial revision of the Course of Study in 2003. The results of the study are as follows: "Medaka (Oryzias latipes)" is described in all 12 textbooks as an object of observation and experiment. As a result of a questionnaire to children such as "Is there a small killifish in killifish egg from the beginning?" about 60% of the children answered "There is (or Don't know)". The "Medaka" egg is easy to observe as it is transparent. Eggs hatch after 10 days to 2 weeks in a water temperature of 23-25 degrees Celsius. Medaka grow fast, mature during the year, and spawn eggs. They are able to breed even in a small water tank because they grow only to about 4cm. So, they are suitable as a teaching material for observation and experiment concerning "development of animal (fish)". However, there are some problems in the descriptions of the textbooks: Expressions such as "There are male and female fish" are not described clearly in all textbooks. It is inappropriate to say "The eggs are stuck to the waterweeds", which should instead be "The eggs are deposited to the waterweeds". Further, it is proposed to describe "How to treat hatched Medaka" in order to guide children to cultivate an attitude of esteem for life, and to develop ways of viewing and thinking the continuity of life. Finally, an expectation is described, on the occasion of the revision of the Course of Study in 2008, for the development of new textbooks to form correct "scientific concepts" and to realize the "preciousness of life" on the base of strengthening the function of textbooks as "learning materials" for children.

収録刊行物

  • 科学教育研究

    科学教育研究 33 (1), 73-85, 2009

    一般社団法人 日本科学教育学会

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