日本の児童生徒における社会不安の特徴 : Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory for Children (SPAI-C)を用いた検討  [in Japanese] Characteristics of Social Anxiety in Japanese Youth : The Application of Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory for Children (SPAI-C)  [in Japanese]

本研究の目的は,Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory for Children(SPAI-C)を用いて日本の児童生徒における社会不安の特徴を明らかにすることであった.首都圏の公立学校に通う小学5年生592名(男子305名,女子287名)および中学2年生467名(男子230名,女子236名,無記入1名)を対象に,クラス単位の集団調査を行った.全26項目のSPAI-Cから,各12〜13項目の分割テストを3つ作成して対象者にランダムに割り付け,項目反応理論を用いた解析を行った.確認的因子分析の結果,「パフォーマンス」「対人交流」「身体症状」の3因子の上位に「社会不安」因子が存在するというモデルの妥当性が確認された.社会不安は男子よりも女子で高く,小学生よりも中学生で高かった.また,発達に伴って項目に対する反応が分化していき,社会不安がだんだん強まっていく群と,減弱していく群の二極化が進むことが示唆された.本研究の結果から,児童青年期の社会不安は,年齢や性別,場面の有する特徴によって強度が異なることが示された.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the characteristics of social anxiety in Japanese children using the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory for Children (SPAI-C; Beidel et al., 1995). 592 fifth grade students (305 boys, 287 girls) and 467 eighth grade students (230 boys, 236 girls, 1 did not indicate gender) were administered questionnaires on a classwide basis. Of the 26 SPAI-C items, 3 parallel tests consisting of 12-13 items were randomly assigned to the participants. Subsequently, analysis using item response theory was conducted. Results of confirmatory factor analysis supported a 3-factor model consisting of "performance", "social encounters", and "somatic symptoms", with a higher-order factor of "social anxiety". Girls reported stronger social anxiety compared to boys, and eighth graders had higher social anxiety than fifth graders. Furthermore, there was a tendency for the students to dichotomize into two groups, one whose social anxiety increases with social development and the other whose social anxiety returns to normal level. The present results suggested that age, gender, and the characteristics of the social situation influence the magnitude of child and adolescent social anxiety.