眼圧調節中枢に関する薬理学的研究 : 諸種薬物のガマ視床下部漏斗室内注入の眼圧並びに血圧に及ぼす影響について

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  • Pharmacological Studies on the Contriol Center of the Intra-ocular Pressure
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  • Original Article

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C. When the action of choline in the parasympathetic nerve ending (postganglionic fiber) in the eye was counteracted by injecting atropine into the vitreous humor, intraocular pressure rose at the initial stage, subsequently falling below the initial level, while the blood pressure showed no marked changes in most toads, though it slightly rose in some toads. D. A rise in the intra-ocular pressure was produced by physiological saline solution when it was injected into the vitreous humor, but its fall following the initial rise was not so sharp as when atropine was injected. The blood pressure showed no changes atall. Report III: The Influence of Adrenaline, Acetylcholine, Eserine, Pilocarpine and Atropine upon the Intra-ocular pressure. Y. Naito : Acta Societatis Ophthalmologicae Japonicae, 61 ; 2006〜2016, 1957. A Summary of the Whole Series. Influences of various drugs on intra-ocular as well as blood pressure were studied by injecting them into the recessus infundibulum in the hypothalamus in toads. The investigations produced some evidences which suggested that a change of the intra-ocular pressure might occure secondarily following a change of the blood pressure. But it also revealed evidences which indicated that the center which exerts control over intraocular pressure might not be the same as the one which regulates blood pressure. In view of these observations, it would seem that such center might be situated in the hypothalamus, and that intra-ocular pressure might be controlled by this center situated in the diencephalon. It was suggested that the mechanism of function of this center is believed to be as follows: Impulses generated at the center controlling intra-ocular pressure by the injection of drugs into the hypothalamus are transmitted through the autonomic nervous system (chiefly parasympathetic nerve) to the eye; excitation of the intra-ocular pressure control center tends to raise intra-ocular pressure, while its depression tends to lower intra-ocular pressure.

It was revealed that the telencephalon (the cerebrum) and the pituitary gland, as well as blood pressure, play an important role in the control of intra-ocular pressure.

Report II Investigation on the relationship between the autonomic system and the intra-ocular and blood pressures revealed the following results : A. Electrical Stimulation of the Cervical Sympathetic Nerve 1. A weak electrical stimulation of the cervical sympathetic nerve caused a rise in both intra-ocular and blood pressures; the change of the blood pressure occurred immediately after the stimulation, while the rise in the intra-ocular pressure slightly lagged behind it. 2. Section of the cardiac branches of the autonomic nervous system Cthe vagosympa thetic nerve) caused slight rise in the intra-ocular pressure and fall in the blood pressure. A weak electrical stimulation of the sympathetic nerve after the section of the cardiac branches of the autonomic nervous system caused no changes in both intraocular and blood pressures. 3. A powerful electrical stimulation produced a sudden, though temporary rise in the intra-ocular pressure immediately after the stimulation, while it raised blood pressure in some toads and lowered it in others. It also caused moderate exophthalmus in all the toads. 4. In toads which had had the cardiac branches of the autonomic nervous system excised, a powerful electrical stimulation of the sympathetic nerve produced a marked, though transient rise in intra-ocular pressure with exophthalmus, but produced no marked changes in blood pressure. 5. These observations would suggest that a rise in the intra-ocular pressure produced by a weak electrical stimulation caused secondarily to a rise in the blood pressure, and that a rise in intra-ocular pressure occurring upon a powerful electrical stimulation was due to the contraction of the smooth muscle in the eye. B. Section of the cervical sympathetic nerve produced a rise in the intra-ocular pressure and a fall in the blood pressure.

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