テーレマコスのスパルテー滞在 : δ587-619, ν412-428, ο1-184

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タイトル別名
  • Telemachus' Stay in Sparta
  • テーレマコス ノ スパルテー タイザイ デルタ 587 619 ニュー 412 428 オミクロ 1 184

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抄録

According to the analysts such as Kirchhoff, Wilamowitz and Schwartz, the end of the originally independent "Telemacheia" was divided into Book IV and Book XV of the extant Odyssey by bungling redactors; they say that δ 619 must have been immediately followed by o 68 ff. (Schwartz and Wilamowitz: HdO) or o 75 ff. (Kirchhoff), or o 88 ff. (Wilamowitz: HU). This theory is mainly based on the fact that Telemachus refused the invitation of Menelaus and wished to return home (δ 587-619). On the other hand Focke thinks that Telemachus does not decline the invitation of Menelaus, but accepts it on condition of staying just for a while (δ 587-619); it is said that o 64-119 does not immediately follow δ 619, but is taken up again at the end of Book XIII and the beginning of Book XV, so the discourses between Telemachus and Menelaus (o 64-119) are entirely different from those of δ 587-619. His point is that the extant Odyssey was composed by the author who expanded the original story of Odysseus by adding his "Telemacheia". Indeed the theory of Kirchhoff, Wilamowitz and Schwartz is contrary to Focke's, but it is common to both theories taht they disregard or don't give careful consideration to δ 555-598. As to the point at issue the present writer proposes the following solution: Since Telemachus had been informed of Odysseus' strategy of the wooden horses by Menelaus and Helen in Sparta, it is natural that he should want to stay there and inquire after his father as well as about many other things from the wise Menelaus so that he may have shrewdness (μητι&b.sigmav;) to make efficient use of his courage (μενο&b.sigmav;). But virtually he declines Menelaus' invitation. He knows himself that Menelaus would not fully understand him hesitating to accept the invitation (δ 594 and 595-598). So he makes the plea that his companions are waiting for him in Pylos (δ 598-599). Menelaus, however, takes Telemachus' word in opposite sense, and understands that Telemachus in fact wishes to stay. And he says he will give him a mixing-bowl, the most valuable treasure, instead of the horses (δ 611-615). On Menelaus saying that, the guests arrive and a banquet is held. And the scene changes to Ithaka. Now this misunderstanding is not removed, and as for Telemachus nothing is mentioned at all until the end of Book XIII and the beginning of Book XV. The present writer thinks that Telemachus' return home left undecided has the practical effect on the audience of increasing their anxiety and tension. This seems to be the excellent plot of the author of the Odyssey. The subsequent Athene's words will be illustrative of this theory. From her words (ν 421-424), the writer infers that the story in Books XIII and XV is based on Menelaus' understanding of the stay of Telemachus. In o 10-26, she advises Telemachus, who has forgotten about his home as he has said himself (δ 585-589), to return home, describing the incident in Ithaka, and tells him of the suitors and what to do after his returning home. Thus the next morning he tells Menelaus that he wants to return to Ithaka; Menelaus agrees and offers to accompany him if he will travel in Hellas and Argos. But he refuses this offer flatly, having manifested the reason why he should be back without delay. Then Menelaus and Helen give him the gifts and he departs after the meal. Going through Pylos he arrives in Ithaka under the protection of Athene. From this point of view the present writer concludes that the extant Odyssey is composed by a single author.

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