ギリシア語におけるgnomic aoristについて

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タイトル別名
  • The Gnomic Aorist in Greek
  • ギリシアゴ ニ オケル gnomic aorist ニ ツイテ

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Benveniste explains the gnomic character of the "nominal sentence" by the absence of any verbal form implying determinations of tense, mood, aspect…etc. The close parallelism of significance between the nominal sentence and the gnomic aorist suggests that the same principle could be applied to explain the gnomic aorist : the gnomic aorist does not originally, contrary to widely accepted theories, designate a past tense, but is a form free from any determination of tense, mood and aspect. As for the aspect, we consider the aorist to be neutral. The existence of neutral forms with regard to tense and mood is assumed to be proto-Indo-European, and they can still be seen in the Veda and Avesta under the name of "injunctive". Here the injunctive appears in two forms, the injunctive aorist and the present, which do not essentially differ from the indicative aorist and imperfect except the absence of the augment and are used sometimes in the gnomic sense. This usage of the injunctive aorist remained in Greek side by side with the preterit aorist, while the injunctive present was absorbed in the indicative present.

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