ローマ共和政末期のトリブスと有力政治家 : 金銭分配係の検討を中心に

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  • The Divisores and the Tribes in the Late Republic
  • ローマ キョウワセイ マッキ ノ トリブス ト ユウリョク セイジカ キンセン

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Although L. Ross Taylor has produced excellent studies, the organization of tribes, especially in the late Republic, hasn't yet been sufficiently clarified. In this paper, by examining electoral activities of the divisores, who distributed bribes on behalf of candidates, the author attempts to elucidate the personal relationship within the tribe, so that the importance of the tribes in the late Republic will also be illustrated. Using a prosopographical approach, it was determined that the divisores, as generally accepted, were men of influence such as equites Romani, and that the position of the divisores could have been a means of social mobility. Although the divisores assisted candidates in an election campaign, they weren't the candidates' henchmen. They were, rather, professionals of electoral corruption whose sphere of activity was within their own tribes. The importance of the role they played in election campaigns is indicated in an event of 67 B. C. The Senate vigorously opposed a proposal on electoral corruption which stipulated that penalties should be imposed not only on offending candidates, but also on the divisores ; agents of electoral corruption. Thus, the divisores, who acted tribe by tribe, were indispensable to election campaigns, as such, indicates the political importance of the tribes in the late Republic. However, still more significant is the fact that in spite of their importance as demonstrated above, the divisores were pejoratively and even negatively treated. The reason for such treatment is probably that the Roman politicians were eager to get the votes of other tribes through the activities of the divisores, while they also feared losing control as patrons of their own tribes through the very same activities. We conclude that the tribe continued to be important as a unit of patronage in the late Republic.

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