中国都市部における年金制度改革の評価と今後の課題―5-Pillar System への展望と上海市を事例とした社区の役割から―

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  • Evaluation of Pension System Reform in Urban Cities of China and Its Challenges―Perspectives for 5-Pillar System and Community Role（Take Shanghai as an Example）―
  • チュウゴク　トシブ　ニオケル　ネンキン　セイド　カイカク　ノ　ヒョウカ　ト　コンゴ　ノ　カダイ　5-PILLAR SYSTEM　エノ　テンボウ　ト　シャンハイ　シ　オ　ジレイ　トシタ　シャク　ノ　ヤクワリ　カラ

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This article is to analyze the reform of urban city pension system in China based on the report of the World Bank in 2005 （Holzmann et al. ［2005］） and try to associate the pension system reform with the service provided by the "Community" in China.The first part reviews the world trend of the pension system reform which was carried in each country by looking back to the report of the World Bank in 1994 （World Bank ［1994］） and the controversial discussion on pension system reform for consecutive 10 years since then and the change of trend casued by the "5-Pillar Systme" mentioned in the report of the World Bank in 2005.In the second part, the analysis is conducted through comparison between the pension system reform in urban cities of China and the report of the World Bank in 1994, especially Shanghai, the pioneer city in the pension system reform. As the World Bank pointed out in its report in 1994, with "3-Pillar System" as its goal, but when we overlook the current situation of pension system reform in urban cities of China, the financial problems of pension are completely unsolved.The third part sets forth the function of the "Community" through survey of some actual cases in Shanghai, and points out that the "Community" is definitely a valuable player of "Pillar-0" and "Pillar-4" under "5-Pillar System" proposed by the World Bank in its report in 2005. Under the condition that relationships among family members have become less close than it used to be, there is a great expectation for the function of the "Community". In Shanghai, the "Community" is playing an important role in creating a safety net as a survival protection for senior citizens and unemployed people and social vulnerable group to maintain social stability.The conclusion is that the "Community" will be a supplementary to the pension system reform, as a regional community nearby that relieves the senior citizens, the unemployed and the weak people of the society in urban cities of China.

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