重度心身障害者と介助者とのコミュニケーションに関する質的研究  [in Japanese] A Qualitative Study of Communication between People with Severe Intellectual and Physical Disabilities and Their Care Providers  [in Japanese]

本稿では,質的調査をとおして,重度心身障害者の介助者がどのような過程を経てコミュニケーションをはかるのか,そしてコミュニケーションの様相が介助への姿勢にどのような影響を与えるのかということを考察した。調査では非構造化面接法を採用し,10名の介助者にインタビューを行った。分析の視点は,(1)初めての介助時に感じた思い,(2)現在の介助から感じる思い,(3)障害者観の変化や障害者と介助者との関係の変化の3点である。調査結果ではコミュニケーションの様相を明らかにし,障害者の意思について介助者の解釈が広がっていくと,介助者は両者の関係性や障害をその人固有のものとみなしていくことを明らかにした。また解釈についての不安,わかりあえないことの辛さの継続により,介助者は障害を絶対化してしまいうることも明らかにし,その辛さを継続化させないための試みとしてセルフヘルプグループの可能性を示唆した。

The purpose of this paper is to examine, through qualitative research, how care providers for people with severe intellectual and physical disabilities communicate with their clients and the effect that this precess of communication has on the attitudes of the care providers. Unstructured interviews were conducted with ten care providers. The interviews were analyzed based on three points : 1) initial beliefs about the care ; 2) current beliefs about the care ; 3) changes in their view of disabilities and in their relationship with the clients. Tie analysis suggests that the care providers who have a deeper understanding of the clients regard their disabilities and their own relationships with them as more unique, individual and personal. The analysis also suggests that care providers who experience anxiety and difficulty in their relationships with clients think of their disabilities as absolute. The author recommends self-help groups as a method for resolving the difficulty.