酪農経営の発展と環境対策

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  • Environmental Policies in Response to Dairy Farming Development

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The improvement of dairy farming in Japan can best seen by looking at the increase in the average size of dairy herds and the improvement of milk yield per cow. These indexes are at the same level of EU countries and approaching those of the USA. This rapid development has resulted in debt accumulation in Hokkaido and raised the environ-mental issue of manure management. The proper processing of dairy farm manure would solve the water pollution problem and provide a source of organic fertilizer for upland farming. To turn this environmental negative into a positive requires the cooperation of dairy and upland farmers and financial incentives from the government. To secure management stability and environmentally friendly dairy farming, a price policy for processed milk and a direct payment system to farmers are necessary. The basic premise of the price policy is that it will allow the level of milk prices to gradually reach that of advanced dairy farming countries without depleting resources, over-loading the environment with cow waste, resorting to low wages, or the need for low land rents. The original intent of the direct payment system was to supplement incomes due to declining milk prices. To improve the system the government must increase the amount of money allocated for payments and make the system more flexible. Direct payments should reward farmers who increase the planted area of forage per cow, because this will decrease the environmental load and reduce water pollution. Moreover, the system should reward upland farmers who prove that they use manure as fertilizer.

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