Airborne nitrogen load in Japanese and Chinese agroecosystems

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The objective of this review is to make current knowledge on the nitrogen (N) load throughout the atmosphere (airborne N load) available to readers, with special emphasis on Japanese and Chinese agroecosystems. Key species of airborne N are ammonia, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxide, nitric acid, nitrous acid and particulate ammonium and nitrate. Organic N also exists in the atmosphere. The main processes in terms of the airborne N load involve emission, atmospheric transportation and transformation, atmospheric deposition and environmental impacts. Agricultural activities are the largest emitters of ammonia through emissions mainly from livestock waste and field-applied N fertilizers. The ammonia emissions in China in 1995 from chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers, such as animal excreta, were estimated to be 3.56 and 2.04Tg N year^<-1>, respectively, and the emissions in Japan were 0.059 and 0.069Tg N year^<-1>, respectively. The most fundamental causes of the airborne N load in relation to Japanese and Chinese agriculture were intensive livestock farming in Japan and over use of N fertilizers in China. However, agroecosystems are also a sink for airborne N. Atmospheric N deposition was up to 20 and 60kg N ha^<-1> year^<-1> in Japan and China, respectively. The unrelenting load of airborne N continues in Japan and China. The development of a simple, but accurate method to determine the dry deposition flux that is applicable to simultaneous and multipoint observations would be valuable. The establishment of cross relationships among in situ observations, remote sensing and numerical modeling is also needed to cope with the issue by assessing the actual status, predicting the future status and working out effective measures.

収録刊行物

  • Soil science and plant nutrition

    Soil science and plant nutrition 56(1), 2-18, 2010-02-01

    一般社団法人日本土壌肥料学会

参考文献:  99件中 1-99件 を表示

被引用文献:  3件中 1-3件 を表示

各種コード

  • NII論文ID(NAID)
    110008144295
  • NII書誌ID(NCID)
    AA00844314
  • 本文言語コード
    ENG
  • 資料種別
    REV
  • ISSN
    00380768
  • NDL 記事登録ID
    10598307
  • NDL 請求記号
    Z53-G349
  • データ提供元
    CJP書誌  CJP引用  NDL  NII-ELS 
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