Hydrological process controls on nitrogen export during storm events in an agricultural watershed

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The dynamic characteristics of nitrogen (N) and suspended solids (SS) were investigated in stream water during four storm events in 2003 at the Shibetsu watershed, eastern Hokkaido, Japan. Analysis showed that total nitrogen (TN), nitrate-N (NO^[-]_[3] -N), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), particulate nitrogen (PN), and SS concentrations all peaked sharply during the rising limb of the discharge hydrograph, but peaks in PN and SS were more significant than that of dissolved N. PN and SS consistently displayed clockwise hysteresis with higher concentrations during rising flows, whereas NO^[-]_[3]-N and DON showed different patterns among storms depending on the antecedent soil moisture. An M (V) curve, defined as the nutrient mass distribution vs. the volume of discharge, showed that a "first flush" of PN, NO^[-]_[3]-N, DON and SS was observed, however, the distribution of nutrient loads in the discharge was different. PN and SS had a shorter flushing characteristic time constant (t_[1/e], defined as the time interval required for a decline in nutrient concentrations in discharge water to e^[-1] (37%) of their initial concentrations) but contributed 80% of fluxes during the first 50% of the discharge, while longer flush time (t_[1/e]) of NO^[-]_[3]-N and DON with slowly decreased concentrations led to half loads during the recession of the discharge. These data indicate that the flush mechanisms might be distinguished between particulate nutrients and dissolved N. Analysis showed that the concentrations of PN and SS derived from soil erosion were related to surface runoff. In contrast, NO^[-]_[3]-N originated from the near-surface soil layer associated with the rising shallow ground water table and mainly flushed with subsurface runoff. Different flushing mechanisms implied that different watershed best management practices should be undertaken for effectively mitigating water quality degradation.

The dynamic characteristics of nitrogen (N) and suspended solids (SS) were investigated in stream water during four storm events in 2003 in the Shibetsu watershed, eastern Hokkaido, Japan. Analysis showed that total nitrogen (TN), nitrate-N (NO_3^--N), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), particulate nitrogen (PN) and SS concentrations all peaked sharply during the rising limb of the discharge hydrograph, but peaks in PN and SS were more significant than the peak in dissolved N. Particulate N and SS consistently displayed clockwise hysteresis with higher concentrations during rising flows, whereas NO_3^--N and DON showed different patterns among the storms depending on the antecedent soil moisture. An M(V) curve, defined as the nutrient mass distribution versus the volume of discharge, showed that a "first flush" of PN, NO_3^--N, DON and SS was observed; however, the distribution of nutrient loads in the discharge was different. Particulate N and SS had a shorter flushing characteristic time constant (t_<1/e>, defined as the time interval required for a decline in nutrient concentrations in discharge water to e^<-1> [37%] of their initial concentrations), but contributed 80% of fluxes during the first 50% of the discharge, whereas the longer flush time (t_<1/e>) of NO_3^--N and DON with slowly decreased concentrations led to half loads during the recession of the discharge. These data indicate that flush mechanisms might be distinguished between particulate nutrients and dissolved N. Analysis showed that the concentrations of PN and SS derived from soil erosion were related to surface run-off. In contrast, NO_3^--N originated from the near-surface soil layer associated with the rising shallow groundwater table and mainly flushed with subsurface run-off. The different flushing mechanisms implied that different watershed best management practices should be undertaken for effectively mitigating water quality degradation.

収録刊行物

  • Soil science and plant nutrition

    Soil science and plant nutrition 56(1), 72-85, 2010-02-01

    一般社団法人日本土壌肥料学会

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各種コード

  • NII論文ID(NAID)
    110008144300
  • NII書誌ID(NCID)
    AA00844314
  • 本文言語コード
    ENG
  • 資料種別
    ART
  • ISSN
    00380768
  • NDL 記事登録ID
    10598366
  • NDL 請求記号
    Z53-G349
  • DOI
    info:doi/10.1111/j.1747-0765.2010.00456.x
  • データ提供元
    CJP書誌  NDL  NII-ELS  IR 
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