The Understanding of the Theory of History Education at the Elementary School Affiliated to the Hiroshima Higher Normal School : Focusing on the Theory and Practices of Kaoru Okubo

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  • 広島高等師範学校附属小学校の理会主義歴史教育論 : 大久保馨の理論と実践をもとにして
  • ヒロシマ コウトウ シハン ガッコウ フゾク ショウガッコウ ノ リカイ シュギ レキシ キョウイクロン オオクボカオル ノ リロン ト ジッセン オ モト ニ シテ

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Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the principle concerning the understanding of the theory of history education by Kaoru Okubo at the elementary school affiliated to Hiroshima higher normal school. Kumajiro Sato was the head of the elementary school affiliated to Hiroshima higher normal school. For each subject, he suggested a method based on the theory of the mental science of triggering initiatives on the part of the children called "principle of the initiative". As head history teacher, Okubo wrote articles on "School Education" (Gakkokyoiku). In addition, he wrote several books, including "The Essence of Teaching History of Nation and A Fact" with Sato. In this paper, I clarify the formation of the principle of understanding the theory of history education and its was practice at this school from the perspective of pedagogics. As a result, firstly, Okubo claimed to have interpreted the meaning of the phenomenon known as "understanding". This refers to understanding the value and significance an object by mentioning the internal aspects connected with the life and mind of the object. He shows that it is understanding of the history to get knowledge by action of the re-experience that our "life" itself experienced and the speculation that reflected on itself. Secondly, he criticized history and suggested that one can choose the direction of one's own life; he also believed that children had the ability to pave the right path. He intended to develop value awareness by constructing a model measuring the awareness of a child. Finally, it is self-cultivation caused by emotional excitement resulting from intellectual understanding, and it awakens in an individual the will to achieve something by himself or herself, till the very end. Through careful understanding, he regarded "cultivation of emotion" and "action of the will" as "self-cultivation".

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