Application of One-Dimensional Shallow Water Model to Flows in Open Channels with Bends

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Understanding water flows in open channels is of great importance in agricultural engineering because water is necessary for farming. Although water flow is fundamentally a three-dimensional (3D) phenomenon, one-dimensional (ID) models are frequently used in numerical simulations of open channel flows because more detailed data and a greater computational cost are required for higher-dimensional models. Open channels include various structures. A bend is one such structure; however, the effects of a bend are usually neglected in ID models. Therefore, a mathematical model of the effect of a bend on open channel flows is derived, and a numerical model of ID flows in open channels with bends is shown by combining the mathematical model with the earlier model. The numerical model is applied to flows in two sets of experiments. The computed results are compared with the experimental data. The first set of experiments for steady-state flows in an open channel with two bends is conducted in this study; the second set of experiments was carried out as part of the Concerned Action of Dam Break Modelling project by Frazao et al. (1999). Dam break flows in bend channels were thus investigated. The comparison between the computed results and the experimental data indicates that the ID numerical model can suitably reconstruct flows in open channels with bends.

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