居住環境におけるガス状有害物質の挙動

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  • Behavior of Gaseous Air Pollutants in Indoor Air

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There are many gaseous air pollutants found in indoor air and, in addition, these pollutants are containing hazardous and odorous substances. Therefore, it is very important to precisely measure the concentration of these compounds in order to evaluate the risk to human health and aim to reduce concentrations. A diffusive sampling device is suitable for measurement of indoor air, as these are small, light and can be used without a power supply for the pump. In this study, representative gaseous air pollutants in indoor and outdoor air were measured using some diffusive sampling devices. Moreover, a novel diffusive sampling device was developed DSD-NH3 for the measurement of basic gases such as ammonia and trimethylamine, which are controlled by offensive odor control law.As a result, it was elucidated that the indoor concentrations of aldehydes, nitrogen dioxide and ammonia were higher than outdoor concentrations. By contrast, indoor concentrations of ozone were lower than outdoor concentrations. The indoor concentrations of nitrogen dioxide in 26 houses (43%) exceeded the maximum limit stated by environmental law (60 ppb). It was suggested that the main emission sources of nitrogen dioxide are kerosene and gas stoves. Ammonia in indoor air may be emitted from pets, as high concentrations were observed in house keeping pets. In addition, it was suggested that carbonyl compounds are formed by interactions between volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and ozone from outdoor air. Formic acid may be formed by the oxidation of formaldehyde with ozone, because a positive correlation between formaldehyde and formic acid, and an inverse correlation between formaldehyde and ozone were observed in indoor air.

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