Analysis of Discussions in the Health and Hygiene Investigation Committee Regarding Persons with Mental Disorders

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  • 保健衛生調査会における「精神病者」対策の検討過程分析
  • ホケン エイセイ チョウサカイ ニ オケル 「 セイシン ビョウシャ 」 タイサク ノ ケントウ カテイ ブンセキ

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Abstract

This article aimed to clarify the focus of discussions in the Health and Hygiene Investigation Committee (Hoken eisei chosa-kai) regarding persons with mental disorders. Through analyzing the reports of the Committee, the author divided the evolution of the debate over the Committee's measures for dealing with the mentally ill (seishinbyo-sha) into three periods. In Stagel, the construction of facilities for housing and treating mentally ill patients was seen as an urgent issue, and a national survey was conducted. In addition a legislative proposal for the Mental Hospital Law was put forward. In Stage 2, the populace was being called upon to contribute to the development of an industrial economy, and a perspective emerged that considered mental health from a preventive standpoint. In Stage 3, amid efforts for enhancing national power, the mentally ill were targeted in discussions concerning eugenics and sterilization laws. Discussions of measures for dealing with mentally ill patients, while reflecting aspects of "protection" on the one hand and "public safety" on the other, gradually tended toward "public safety" under the pressure of state objectives and in relation to other legislation, so that they evolved from "housing and treatment" to "health and prevention," and then "eugenics and sterilization."

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