定形か非定形か : 英語の命令「文」について

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  • Finite or Non-finite : On the Imperative "Sentence" in English
  • テイケイ カ ヒ テイケイ カ : エイゴ ノ メイレイブン ニ ツイテ

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英語において,いわゆる命令形は「文」と捉えるべきか否か,ということについて,特に学校現場における最も適切な「法［mood］」概念の捉え方は何か,ということも含めて本稿では改めて議論していきたいと思う．

Should the imperative form in English be taken as what we call a "sentence" or not? The answer depends on whether we regard its verb as finite or non-finite. Historically speaking, the verb was without doubt morphologically finite, for it did have the inflection specified for the imperative mood. The inflection, however, has been completely eroded away and now the verb has been indistinguishable from its plain/base form, which is absolutely non-finite. Nevertheless, the imperative form in English can optionally have its nominative subject, which is a crucial characteristic for finiteness. Therefore, the conclusion is that the imperative form in English does have the non-finite plain/base verbal form in it, but, syntactically or from the viewpoint of sentence mood, should rather be treated as finite. This double-barreled quality of the imperative form can also plausibly account for the use of the nominative subject and the non-finite plain/base verbal form for the present subjunctive in the subordinate clause. That is because the imperative and the present subjunctive are both deeply rooted in non-factuality.

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