20世紀初頭におけるアイルランド・メイヨー州における世帯構造

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  • 20セイキ ショトウ ニ オケル アイルランド ・ メイヨーシュウ ニ オケル セタイ コウゾウ
  • The Irish Household Structure in Co. Mayo in the early 20th Century

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This paper aims to clarify the characteristics of families in the Gaeltacht (Irish-speaking) areas of County Mayo in Ireland. I propose a hypothesis that simple family households based on the partible inheritance system were dominant in the early part of the 19th century but after the Great Famine in 1845 they shifted to extended households or multiple-family households based on arranged matchmakingwith a dowry system and impartible inheritance. To confirm this hypothesis, I used whole census returns for 1901 and 1911 in Co. Mayo with the following results. In the early 19th century the dominant household type in Co. Mayo was the nuclear family system. In other words, most of the population early on formed their family of procreation from their family of orientation because members of small farmer's households in Co. Mayo were engaged as weavers and spinners in the domestic linen industry and could easily make an income. After the mid-19th century the inheritance system shifted from partible to impartible and the head of family continued his patriarchal right. As a result, some heirs waited for succession until the father's death and so married late or remained unmarried. The dominant family type then changed to the stem family. However the norm of the stem family sustained three situational elements: migratory agricultural labourers by household heads to England and Scotland, sales of eggs by the spouses, and the old age pension from 1908. In Co. Mayo we found the percentage of stem families was 25%, the highest rate in Ireland. Several sets of data were used to confirm the above hypothesis.

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