水田作を主体とした集落営農の構造分析 : 集落営農の急増期に焦点を当てて

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  • 水田作を主体とした集落営農の構造分析─集落営農の急増期に焦点を当てて─
  • Structural Analysis of CBFC which Operate Paddy Field Production ─Focusing on the Period of Rapid Increase in CBFC─
  • スイデンサク ヲ シュタイ ト シタ シュウラクエイノウ ノ コウゾウブンセキ シュウラクエイノウ ノ キュウゾウキ ニ ショウテン ヲ アテテ

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日本の水田農業では,担い手の高齢化や個別経営の小規模性,コスト低減の要請などから,効率的な生産体制を望む声が高かった。そうしたなか,機械の共同利用を進めることで投資を抑制しながら,共同作業で地域の稲作の効率化を図ろうとする集落営農を推進する動きが近年活発化している。特に,2004年から実施された一連の米政策改革と,2007年から実施された水田・畑作経営所得安定対策による政策誘導により多くの集落営農が新設・再編されたことはよく知られている。ただ,2006年から2008年にかけて,これら政策インパクトによって急増した集落営農は,その多くが政策要件に合致させるための急ごしらえの組織(一部では組織の会計をプール計算せずに費用・販売収入などを組織内で農家ごとに個別計算していたことから「枝番(えだばん)組織」とも言われている)であったとされる。本論では,こうした集落営農急増期に焦点を当て,集落営農実態調査の個票の組み替え集計を行い,従前から存在する集落営農と,急増期に新設・再編された集落営農の構造論的な性格の違いを明らかにした。特に,本論では集落営農が従前から多かった北陸・山陰などの地域と同時期に新設・再編が急速に進んだ東北,関東・東山,九州における地域的構造差を踏まえながら,集落営農内における認定農業者の取り込み人数の違いや参加農家率と主たる従事者のいる割合などに焦点を当て,新設・再編組織における「集落ぐるみ性」の低さ,すなわち個別経営の寄せ集めとしての性格の強さを明らかにした。また,新設・再編組織の農地集積率に関する地域性,すなわち九州,東北,関東・東山などで,新規・再編組織の方が集積率が高いなどの地域が存在することなどについても統計的観点から確認をおこなった。なお本論は,同時期に急増した新設・再編集落営農組織の維持・発展に向けた支援策検討の基礎資料とならんことを目的としている。

Many have called for improving efficiency in Japan's paddy rice production system as it faces the aging of small-scale individual farmers and the need for cost reduction. As a solution, operations under entities called "CBFC(Community-Based Farm Cooperatives)" have been actively promoted in recent years, with the aim of producing crops more efficiently through collaboration among farmers while curbing investments through the shared use of machinery in each community. Particularly, it is well known that numerous CBFC were established or reorganized because of a series of reforms in the country's rice polices beginning in 2004 and incentives under a government program designed to stabilize income of persons and entities engaged in paddy and/or upland farming starting in 2007. It has also been noted, however, that many of the CBFC that sprang up in the years from 2006 to 2008 were hastily created to meet the requirements to benefit from these policies and program (researchers say that at some of these entities costs, sales income, etc. were calculated for each member separately, without centralizing their accounts). This report focuses on this period of rapid increase in the number of such entities and, based on a reclassification of individual data from a government survey, clarified, from the viewpoint of structure, the differences in nature between CBFC that had already been operating before the introduction of the farming income stabilization program (FISP) and new entities founded or reorganized in the said period. In particular, the report took into account the structural differences between the regions where many CBFC had been established earlier on, such as Hokuriku and San'in, and the regions where many entities were quickly set up or reorganized in the period in question, such as Tohoku, Kanto-Tosan, and Kyushu, and looked at how many certified farmers those entities included, the percentage of farmers participating in these entities, and the percentage of entities that had members mainly engaged in farming. By doing this, the report shed light on the fact that newly established or reorganized entities had a lower tendency to engage the entire community in farming operations-that is to say, in nature they tended to comprise individual farming operations simply grouped together. The statistical analysis also reveals that the farmland consolidation rate of new or reorganized entities is higher in Kyushu, Tohoku, Kanto-Tosan. Moreover, this report hopes to be the primary document of support measures towards the development of entities maintenance.

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