末梢神経移植によるラット脊髄下行性経路からの軸索再生 : 呼吸性および非呼吸性神経活動の記録

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  • Axonal Regeneration from Spinal Descending Pathways into Peripheral Nerve Grafts in Adult Rats : Recording of Respiratory and Non-respiratory Neural Activity

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The present study investigated whether the functional axonal regeneration from spinal descending pathways could be induced within the peripheral nerve grafts implanted into the upper cervical cord of adult rats. Firstly, recordings of the spontaneous neural activities from regenerated fibers in the grafts were attempted. Secondly, the origins of these regenerating neurons were investigated using electrophysiological and histochemical methods. Autologous segments of the common peroneal nerve were successfully implanted ventrolaterally into the rostral cut end of the C2 spinal cord hemisection （n=34）. Several months after implantation, spontaneous multi-unit discharges were recorded in 29 （85%） of 34 grafts; respiratory-related discharges in 21 （72%） grafts; and non-respiratory discharges in 8 （28%） grafts. The respiratory discharge patterns were similar to the known patterns for normal respiratory efferent neurons in rats. After the recordings were completed, respiratory neurons with regenerating axons within the grafts were identified using an antidromic activation technique. Four of 54 respiratory units explored in the medullary ventral respiratory group （VRG） cells were antidromically activated by electrical stimulation of the grafts （n=10）. The estimated axonal conduction velocities ranged from 5.6 to 7.2 （mean 6.5） m/s. Retrograde horseradish peroxidase （HRP） labeling applied to the distal cut end of the grafts （n=13） revealed that HRP-labeled cells （1005/5245） were located, predominantly ipsilaterally, in the brainstem 6-9 mm distant from the implanted site. Some HRP-labeled cells were observed in the region of the nucleus ambiguus where respiratory neurons exist. These results demonstrate that regenerating axons from spinal descending pathways are induced within the grafts, and at least some spinal descending axons from medullary respiratory neurons regenerate functional respiratory efferents within the grafts.

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