風の祭祀と海の祭祀

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  • カゼ ノ サイシ ト ウミ ノ サイシ
  • Wind Festival and Marine Festiva

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In this study, Yondunkut, the wind festival, in Cheju Islandis investigated. Mainly investigated are wind festivals being carried out currently and the farewell festival of Chirumoridan Yondunkut, among others. Moreover, their relation with the former ones, and those of the southern Korean Peninsula are investigated. Furthermore, the meaning of the wind festival and that of the god of the wind in Yondunkut are examined. The main results are as follows; 1. Flags having god names are hung out in the Chirumoridan Yondunkut farewell festival. The most numerous are Yondunshin, the god of the wind, next Yonwanshin, the god of the sea, and then, Bonhyanshin, the god of the land. 2. This festival is performed from the morning till the evening. Many gods are invited during the morning and unified Yonwanshin and Yondunshin are deified in the afternoon, and after that, Yongamshin is sent and the festival is closed. The server of the festival is Shinban in the morning, Somi in the afternoon, and Shinban, who changed clothes, in the evening again. 3. Yondunkuts of various parts of Cheju Island are performed in February (lunar-calendar) and the contents are similar. They are performed mainly in the villages of the coastal area and the woman divers participate. 4. There are the traditions of Yongdunharumane, the grand-mother goddess of wind, in the southern Korean Peninsula. In Yondunkut held in February (lunar-calendar), a pole is stood and clean water will be offered. The pole expresses a rice plant, lets a bird play on it and prevents damage; it is to pray for good harvest. 5. The name 'Yongdun' originates in the same name 'Yondun' performed in China at the lunar New Year. Although it was a fire festival on New Year the 15th in the Korean Peninsula too, the late was changed to February the 15th at 1011, and further changed to April the 8th at 1352. 6. When the festival day was changed to February, the meaning of fire decreased as an element of the festival. Instead, as a festival for, the meaning of wind and water increased and it is thought that in Cheju Island it became the wind festival. The pole ceremony in the festival is handed down in Cheju Island, too. 7. In Cheju Island, coastal fishing and diving fishery are important occupations, and Yonwanshin, the god of the sea, is deified. The faith in wind god and that in sea god became united in the pray for good harvest.

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