Text of Ulysses : Joyce’s (Re)writing of His(s)tory

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In Ulysses, Joyce described a day in Dublin.　His description is very realistic in a way.　For instance, in the ninth episode, ‘Scylla and Charybdis’, persons who really existed appear under their real names; A.E. (George Russell), John Eglinton (William K. Magee), Mr. Best (Richard Best), and so on.　Of course, Ulysses is not real, but a fiction.　If nobody knows everything that really happened, however, what is the difference between the real and fiction? Historians may try to describe‘ historical facts’ as they are, but they have to interpret history and give significance to ‘historical facts’ according to their interpretations.　In Ulysses, “the Phoenix Park murders” are referred to several times.　These murders were carried out in the park on 6 May 1882.　The murderers, members of a Nationalist society called the Invincibles, killed two British Officials, Lord Frederick Cavendish, chief secretary for Ireland, and Mr. Thomas Henry Burke, an undersecretary in Dublin Castle.　In the seventh episode,‘ Aeolus’, referring to this murder case, Myles Crawford, an editor of the Evening Telegraph, recounts the efforts of Ignatius Gallaher, a journalist who also appears in Dubliners, to convey details of the event to the New York World newspaper.　All this time Stephen Dedalus regards it as a scene from the bloody history repeated between Ireland and the British Empire, referring to it as a “Nightmare from which you never awake”.　In the 12th episode,‘ Cyclops’,‘ Citizen’, a nationalist, praises the murderers as“ martyrs”.　Thus it is suggested that‘ historical facts’ are given different meanings from different viewpoints.　Suggesting this awareness, Joyce seems to try to undermine the authority of historical statements, and to show that history can be re-read and re-written. The purpose of this paper is to show through examining the text structure of Ulysses that, while writing his story, Joyce also tried to re-write Irish history.

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