嚥下障害のない高齢者に対する安全なコップの検討:異なるコップが頭頸部伸展角度へ及ぼす影響

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  • Evaluation of Safe Cups for Geriatrics without Dysphagia:Effects of Differently Shaped Cups On Cervical Spine Extension

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我々は先行研究において,若年健常者を対象に一般的なコップで,誤嚥しにくい安全なコップの形状を判断するための指標として模型を作製した.本研究では,高齢者に対しても模型が安全なコップの形状を判断するのに有効であるかを検討するため,当院入院中の嚥下障害がない高齢者28 名を対象に,安全と判断したコップと危険と判断したコップの2 種類を用いて最大頭頸部伸展角度について検討した.またMMSE の得点により群分けし,認知レベルの違いによる飲み方の違いがあるか検討した.危険と判断したコップは安全と判断したコップと比較して最大頭頸部伸展角度が有意に大きく,さらに認知機能低下者は,形状に合わせた飲み方に注意を向けることが出来ず,頭頸部が過伸展した状態で嚥下してしまうため,危険性が増加する傾向にあった.したがって,頭頸部を過伸展することなく飲めるコップの選定が重要であることに加えて,先行研究で作製した模型の有用性が示唆された.

In our previous study we created test models out of regular cups to evaluate safe shapes of cups that can prevent swallowing errors by testing them on young healthy individuals. In this study, in order to examine whether those model cups were safe for individuals as well, we used two types of cups, one considered safe, the other considered unsafe, with 28 older hospital patients without dysphagia, and examined the cervical spine extension. We also studied, by grouping data according to MMSE scores, whether there are differences in the manner of drinking based on different cognitive capacities. The maximum extension angle of the head and neck area was significantly larger when a cup considered unsafe was used compared to a safe one. Furthermore, individuals with impaired cognitive abilities tended to face increased danger, as they were not able to adjust their way of drinking to the shape of the cup, and as a result, tried to swallow with their head and neck areas overly extended. Therefore, it is essential to select a type of cup which can prevent the user overly extending their head and neck area. We also found that our previously created test model was effective with geriatric individuals as well.

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