Spatial distribution and importance of potential perfluoroalkyl acid precursors in urban rivers and sewage treatment plant effluent ? Case study of Tama River, Japan

• Ye, Feng

• Tokumura, Masahiro

• Islam, Md Saiful

• Zushi, Yasuyuki

• Oh, Jungkeun

• Masunaga, Shigeki

抄録

Production and use of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is regulated worldwide.However, numerous potential precursors that eventually decompose into PFOS and otherperfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) such as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are still being used andhave not been studied in detail. Therefore, knowledge about the levels and sources of theprecursors is essential. We investigated the total concentration of potential PFAA precursorsin the Tama River, which is one of the major rivers flowing into the Tokyo Bay, by convertingall the perfluorinated carboxylic acid (PFCA) and perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acid (PFSA)precursors into PFCAs by chemical oxidation. The importance of controlling PFAAprecursors was determined by calculating the ratios of PFCAs formed by oxidation to thePFAAs originally present (ΣΔ[PFCA C4-C12] / Σ[PFAAs]before oxidation) (average = 0.28 and 0.69for main and tributary branch rivers, respectively). Higher total concentrations of Δ[PFCAs]were found in sewage treatment plant (STP) effluents. However, the ratios found in theeffluents were lower (average = 0.21) than those found in the river water samples, whichimplies the decomposition of some precursors into PFAAs during the treatment process. Onthe other hand, higher ratios were observed in the upstream water samples and the existenceof emission sources other than the STP effluents was indicated. This study showed thatalthough the treatment process converting a part of the PFAA precursors into PFAAs, STPswere important sources of precursors to the Tama River. To reduce the levels of PFAAs in theaquatic environment, it is necessary to reduce the emission of the PFAA precursors as well.

収録刊行物

• Water Research

  Water Research 67 77-85, 2014-12-15

キーワード

• effluent
• oxidation
• perfluorinated
• perfluoroalkyl acid precursor
• sewage treatment plant
• Tama River

詳細情報

• CRID: 1050564287692648448
• NII論文ID: 120005553857
• NII書誌ID: AA00886427
• ISSN: 00431354
• Web Site: http://hdl.handle.net/10131/9060
• 本文言語コード: en
• 資料種別: journal article
• データソース種別:
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