東日本の大雨日の降水特性や総観場の解析（盛夏期の気候学的特徴と梅雨最盛期に関する補遺）

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タイトル別名
  • Precipitation characteristics and large-scale atmospheric fields on the heavy rainfall days in the eastern part of Japan (Climatological features in midsummer and the supplemental study for the Baiu season)
  • ヒガシニホン ノ オオアメビ ノ コウスイ トクセイ ヤ ソウ カンジョウ ノ カイセキ(セイカキ ノ キコウガクテキ トクチョウ ト ツユ サイセイキ ニ カンスル ホイ)
  • ヒガシアジア ト ノ ヒカク ノ シテン デ ミタ ヨーロッパ ニ オケル テイキアツ カツドウ ト コウイキジョウ ノ キセツ サイクル(ジョホウ)

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Preliminary analyses on the seasonal cycles of the large-scale atmospheric mean fields and the cyclone activity in Europe were performed based mainly on the NCEP/NCAR re-analysis data, at the viewpoint comparing with those in East Asia. 　As for the climatological monthly mean fields (1981~2010), the meridional temperature gradient in East Asia presents striking seasonal change with the maximum in winter and the minimum in summer. It is interesting that such transition from winter to summer and that from summer to winter occur rather rapidly accompanied by the great temperature increase around April to June and the decrease around October to November, respectively, in a wide region of 40~70N. On the other hand, the temperature gradient in Europe is significantly smaller with slight seasonal change than that in East Asian winter. 　By the way, in spite of the above difference of the horizontal temperature gradient between Europe and East Asia, the cyclone activity does not seem to be so weak even around Europe. Thus, the seasonal cycles of the characteristics of the cyclones and their environmental fields around Europe were examined. At the first step, we analyzed the daily cyclone activity in Europe for January and July of 2000. Many low pressure centers at the surface level appeared in both January and July. Referring also to the daily maps of sea level pressure and geopotential height at 500 hPa level, we found that not only the cyclones corresponding to the baroclinic instability waves, but also to the cold vortices which amplitudes increased with height appeared frequently. Moreover, it is interesting that the large-scale cold vortex, which embeds the shortwave trough with the low center at the surface level, appeared in the northern Europe in July as in East Asian winter, when such multi-scale systems sometimes bring the persisting heavy snowfall events in the Japan Sea side of the Japan Islands.

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