熱帯植物温室の環境がもたらす高齢者の心身への効果

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  • Effect on Mind and Bodies of ElderlyPerson That the Environment

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本研究は，高齢者の身体機能や認知機能の維持を目指した外出環境を検討するため，熱帯植物温室の環境がもたらす高齢者への心身の効果を明らかにすることを目的とした．高齢者41名を対象に，熱帯植物温室体験前後の生理状態と心理状態を比較した．生理状態は唾液アミラーゼ，血圧，脈拍を測定し，心理状態は，POMS 短縮版とMCL-S.2を用いた．その結果，生理状態は「脈拍」が有意に減少した．心理状態は，POMS 短縮版において「緊張―不安」「疲労」が有意に低下し「活気」が有意に上昇した．また，「混乱」が後期高齢者のみ有意に低下した．MCL-S.2においては，「はつらつ感」「リラックス感」が有意に上昇し，「不安感」が有意に低下した．以上から，高齢者への心身の効果として，快適性を向上させる効果と免疫力を向上させる可能性，認知機能の維持につながる可能性が示唆された．前者は，植物の視覚的な刺激やフィトンチッドが作用した可能性が考えられ，森林浴がもたらす効果と類似している．後者は，特に後期高齢者において，思考のまとまりや判断および記憶の維持を助ける効果を見込める可能性がある．また，熱帯植物温室は，一般的な地域の社会的資源として季節や気象を問わず活用が期待できる．したがって，特に北海道の全域が対象となる積雪寒冷地においては，冬季の外出先として熱帯植物温室は有効であり，高齢者にとって包括的な健康維持手段として期待できる．

The purpose of this studyis to clarifyeffects on mind and bodies ofelderlypersons that the environment of a tropical plant greenhouse brings so as to examine outgo environment aiming at maintenance of body functions and cognitive functions of the elderly persons. 41 elderly subjects experienced a tropical plant greenhouse and psychological and physical states before and after the experience were compared. Salivaryamylase,blood pressure and pulse were measured for physical states and MCL-S.2 and POMS of short version were used for psychological conditions. As a result,it has been found that after the perience,“pulse rate”statisticallysignificantlydecreased physical states. For psychological conditions, the short-version POMS showed “tension -anxiety ”, and “fatigue”significantlydecreased and “vigor”significantlyincreased. In addition,“confusion”significantlydecreased onlyin latter-stage elderlypersons. In MCL-S.2,“feeling of activeness”“feeling of relaxed”significantly increased, and “a sense of uneasiness”significantly decreased. The above results have suggested possibility to improve the effect of improving comfort and immune function and possibility to lead to the maintenance of cognitive functions as psychosomatic effects on elderly persons. As for the former,visualstimulation ofplant and phytoncidepossiblyacted and it is similar to the effect that woods bathing brings. As for the latter, the effect of helping grouping of thought,judgment and maintenanceofmemorycan beanticipated for latter-stageelderlypersons in particular.In addition, utilization of a tropical plant greenhouse can be anticipated regardless of season and weather as a general local social resource. Therefore, a tropical plant greenhouse is effective as a place that elderly persons visit in winter season, particularly in a snow and cold prone area such as thewhole area ofHokkaido and it is expected to bea comprehensivehealth maintenancemeasurefor elderly persons.

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