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朝鮮青銅器文化の忠清南道槐亭洞遺跡出土の剣把形銅器は，特異な形態と精巧な鋳造技術によって1967年に発見以来，注目され，その後，類例も加わっている。しかし，その起源と系譜は不明なままであった。このたび筆者は，その直接的な祖型を内蒙古の夏家店上層文化に属する小黒石遺跡出土の当顱に求め，さらにその祖型は西周前期の北京市琉璃河1193号大墓出土の当顱にあることを想定するにいたった。当顱とは，商代に現れる馬の面繋に取りつけて前頭部を飾る青銅製の頭当て（頭飾り）のことである。しかし，内蒙古の当顱と朝鮮の剣把形銅器すなわち当顱形銅器との型式および製作技術のうえでの隔たりはきわめて大きい。剣把形銅器の出現は朝鮮青銅器文化に細形銅剣が登場するのと同時であるので，それ以前の型式は内蒙古または遼寧地方にまだ埋もれている可能性が大きい。中国西周の当顱は，前11－10世紀に夏家店上層文化に伝わったあと，内蒙古から遠く朝鮮青銅器文化に前６－５世紀頃に達するまでの間に，馬車が脱落し，さらには乗馬の風習が欠落していった結果，その器種と使途が変化し，儀器化が進行するなど，著しく変容した。しかし，当顱形青銅器が日本列島の弥生文化まで伝わることはなかった。西周－夏家店上層文化の当顱の意匠に虎を採用し，長期にわたって継承している事実は，この地方で虎が辟邪動物の上位を占めていたこと，王が虎を従えるという意味で虎が各地の王の表徴になっていたことを暗示している。

The so-called sword handle-shaped bronze implement excavated at the Korean Bronze Age site of the Goejeongdon Tomb has been the focus of much attention following its discovery in 1967 due to its unusual form and exquisite casting. Since then several other examples have been discovered. The origins and genealogy, however, have remained unclear. In this thesis I will aim to demonstrate that the horse frontlet excavated at the Xiaoheishi Site of the upper Xiajiadian culture of Inner Mongolia is its direct archetype, and further, that this archetype is also found in the horse frontlet excavated from the tomb No.1193 of the early Western Zhou at the Liulihe site, Beijing. The horse frontlet is a bronze ornamental piece which was attached to a horse's bridle and which first appeared during the Shang period.There are, however, significant differences in the form and method of manufacture between the Inner Mongolian horse frontlet and the bronze Korean sword handle-shaped implement, or rather, the bronze frontlet-shaped implement. Since the appearance of the bronze sword handle-shaped implement coincided with the appearance of the slender type sword, which also first appeared during the Korean Bronze Age, there is a high probability that examples of earlier forms are still buried in Inner Mongolia and Liaoning Province.The Western China horse frontlet spread to the Upper Xiajiadian culture in the 11-10th century B.C. During the long intervening period leading up to the Korean Bronze Age of the 6-5th century B.C., chariots fell out of common use and a decline in horse riding culture meant that this type of piece and its use underwent a change, transforming dramatically to become a ritual implement. The bronze frontlet-shaped implement did not, however, spread to Yayoi culture of the Japanese archipelago.The design of the western upper Xiajiadian culture horse frontlet employed a tiger. It suggests the high status tiger held among the animals that fend off evil spirits. As the king ruled the tiger, it followed that the tiger symbolized the kingship in all regions.

source:https://www.rekihaku.ac.jp/outline/publication/ronbun/ronbun7/index.html#no158

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