道徳科授業への「内容の改善」と「指導方法の工夫」の取り込み -学習指導要領一部改正に対応する道徳科授業をめざす-

書誌事項

タイトル別名
  • ドウトクカ ジュギョウ エ ノ 「 ナイヨウ ノ カイゼン 」 ト 「 シドウ ホウホウ ノ クフウ 」 ノ トリコミ : ガクシュウ シドウ ヨウリョウ イチブ カイセイ ニ タイオウ スル ドウトクカ ジュギョウ オ メザス
  • Improving moral education class as required by the Revised Course of Study:  with emphasis on students’ stages of moral development and active-learning

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抄録

本稿は,学校教育法施行規則の一部改正により「特別の教科」となった道徳授業のあり 方に関し,学習指導要領で特に強調されるようになった,子どもの「発達段階」に応じる こと,および「指導上の工夫」を加えることの2 点の内実を,実践的な文脈で解き明かし てゆくものである.一部改正前の学習指導要領においてもこの2 点は言及されていたが, 学習指導要領一部改正後は,生徒間の道徳性の発達段階や特性における‘差異’を教師が 捉え,その違いをもって問題解決的な言語活動を活発に展開することに,この2 つの点の 積極的な意義があると解される.ただその実現のためには,生徒の発達段階や特性の違い を的確に捉え,かつ効果的な言語活動の土台となる学級づくりの力量が,教師に備わって いることが鍵となるのである.

Japan’s revised Course of Study(Gakushu shido yoryo)particularly insists that the moral class teaching should be reorganized by corresponding to the different developmental levels of morality among children and also by introducing the activelearning. This paper argues how these two points can be successfully achieved at Japanese junior high schools. Our Moral, or “Watashitachino dotoku”, a new workbook the Ministry of Education introduced before the revision, was a well-designed and easyto- use material in terms of organizing a moral class with a plenty of students’ activities involved. With this workbook, together with the previous Course of Study, it seems that there is no strong reason to insist those two points in the new Corse of Study. This paper, however, reveals the significance of underlining the two points that the differences in morality, values and characters among children can be considered and deliberately used as vital factors to stimulate thinking and promote discussions among students. This will allow teachers to realize ‘thinking and discussing’ moral class the Ministry of Education intends to achieve. This paper also points out that teachers are required to be capable of properly understanding such differences in order to apply them to the class and maintain good human relations between teachers and students and also among themselves for effective discussions. This is indeed a matter of how well teachers observe and organize students in daily school life situations; the success and failure of moral class depends on the quality of management of the class.

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