Ability to understand speakers’ real intentions

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  • 発話意図理解機能を巡って
  • ハツワ イト リカイ キノウ オ メグッテ

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Abstract

The ability to understand speakers’ intentions is examined for typically developing children (TD), children with autism spectrum disorders (AS), children with attention defi cit/hyperactivity disorder (AH), and those with hearing impairments(HI). Four types of spoken phrases were used to express praise, blame, banter and sarcasm. The praise and blame phrases have congruent valences of linguistic meanings and speaking manner expressed through affective prosody, while the banter and sarcasm phrases have incongruent valences. The subjects judged if the speaker praises you or not, or if she blames you or not, by pointing to the speaker’s smile or angry face. The correctness score varied depending on the stage of development and the type of communication disorders. All the children, except HI with heavier hearing loss than 60 dB, could correctly judge the speaker’s intention for congruent phrases. The TD younger than 7, and the AS children who could not pass the theory-of-mind tasks showed signifi cantly lower scores for incongruent phrases than congruent ones. The results suggest that speech communication relies on the ability to integrate multi-dimensional aspects of information conveyed by spoken phrases, which may contradict with each other, and this ability varies depending on the stage of development and the type of communication disorders.

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