Gauging away the electron–electron interaction by the local phase of complex wave functions in two-electron systems

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The electron-electron interaction is eliminated in the expectation values of the electronic Hamiltonian for two-electron systems. The part of the Hamiltonian referring to the repulsive interaction is gauged away by the local phase of the complex wave functions, much like a gauge <br />eld transformation, thereby leading to a one-electron Hamiltonian. Despite the appearance of complex wave functions, the expectation values of the total momentum operator vanish and Lowdin's criterion holds for the stationary states.

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