Bovine leukemia virus genotype 1 and 6 are circulating among dairy and beef cattle of small and medium holding farms in northern Vietnam

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The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection among cattle in northern Vietnam, and to molecularly characterize the detected strains. Ninety-three blood samples (45 dairy and 48 beef cattle) were randomly collected from 464 cattle from 22 farms in four districts in northern Vietnam. The samples were tested for the presence of BLV by using two realtime PCR detection systems that targeted the BLV pol gene and tax gene. The samples were also tested for BLV antibody, using an ELISA kit. Nested PCR was designed to obtain the full-length nucleotide sequence of the BLV env gp51 gene. From the BLV pol gene real-time PCR and ELISA results, 33 of the 93 (35.48%) samples consistently tested positive for BLV infection. Phylogenetic analysis of the BLV env gp51 gene showed that the Vietnam strains were clustered into genotypes 1 and 6 (G1 and G6), of which G1 was dominant. Of three G6 strains detected, two were clearly distinguished from the known subgenotypes G6a-G6e and were therefore designated as a new subgenotype, G6f. Results of the phylogenetic analyses highlighted the requirement of the full-length env gp51 gene for reliable identification of the G6 strains. It was also noted that the commercial real-time PCR kit for the BLV tax gene failed to detect the Vietnam G6 strains, as was likewise previously reported for Myanmar BLV G10 strains. © 2019, Hokkaido University. All rights reserved.

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