A survey of the food and exercise habits and medication use of elderly people with diabetes mellitus in a rural area of Japan–second report

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The objective of this study is to elucidate the dietary patterns, exercise habits, and medication use of elderly people with diabetes mellitus (DM), and in this context analyze their life expectancy. We conducted a baseline survey of 3180 residents aged 60 years or older to collect data about their dietary and exercise habits, and medication use. A follow-up survey of the same participants was performed after a period of up to 4669 days elapsed. The correlation between DM and each surveyed exercise habit-including walking, vigorous exercise, and sporting activity-was calculated using a Chi-square test. The relationship between life expectancy and DM was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis (person-year method). There was a statistically significant relationship between DM and medication for (1) DM and (2) hypertension. However, the relationship was not significant between DM and medication for (3) hyperlipidemia, (4) gout, (5) autonomic nerve imbalance, and (6) other disorders. DM had a statistically significant impact on the life expectancy of the elderly. Recognition of the fundamental role of diet and exercise therapy and medication therapy management on the health and condition of elderly people with DM as it pertains to life expectancy by therapy supervisors, including dietitians, cannot be understated.

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