マウス下顎臼歯発育の遺伝学的研究

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  • 村居 正雄
    東京医科歯科大学難治疾患研究所人類遺伝学部門

書誌事項

タイトル別名
  • A GENETIC STUDY ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE LOWER MOLARS AND MANDIBLE IN MICE
  • マウス カガク キュウシ ハツイク ノ イデンガクテキ ケンキュウ ケイタイテ
  • CHANGE OF GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS IN THE COURCE OF PRE- AND POSTNATAL MORPHOGENESIS
  • 形態的形成過程における遺伝要因と環境要因の影響の変化について

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The effect of genetic and environmental factors on the morphogenesis of the lower molars and the mandible in mice was investigated by the diallel cross of three inbred mouse strains, A/Jax, CBA/Jax, anc C57BL/6Jax.<br>1. Significant strain differences were observed in the molar size. In the first and second molars (M1 and M2), CBA strain is the largest and A and C57BL strains are of almost equal size, whereas the size of the third molar (M3) is in the order C57BL> CBA>A.<br>2. The degree of genetic contribution, i.e. heritability between strains, of the size of the lower three molars was estimated. The value was considerably high in M1 (0, 77) and M2(0.86), while it was much lower in M3(0.51).<br>The variance components were calculated using Wearden's model, being genetic variance as 80%, environmental variance 20% and maternal effect 0% in M1 and M2. In M3, genetic variance was much lower (26%), and maternal effect variance and environmental variance were higher (40% and 34%, respectively), than those in M1 and M2.<br>3. There is observed no definite trend in the correlation between molar size and one-week weight, while the correlation between molar size and three-week weight is in the order M1<M2_??_M3.<br>4. The size of the last developing tooth, M3, is most significantly influenced among three molars by environmental factors including the maternal effect on intra-uterine growth and milk yield.<br>5. The third molar was missing in some individuals of the A and CBA inbred strains and youngs of CBA_??_×A_??_ cross. In these strains, the third molar, if present, is much smaller and more variable in size, and relative size of M3 to M1 and M2 is remarkably smaller than those in C57BL strain.<br>6. Heritability of the size of the mandible was estimated by the same procedure as in the molars. The value showed a trend to increase with age.<br>7. The phenomena clarified in this study, i.e. the degree of the genotypic effect, the maternal effect and the environmental effect change with age, were discussed referring to Monteiro-Falconer's study (1966).

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