Production of Sei Whale (Balaenoptera borealis) Cloned Embryos by Inter- and Intra-Species Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer

  • BHUIYAN Mohammad Musharraf Uddin
    Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University
  • SUZUKI Yo
    Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
  • WATANABE Hiroyuki
    Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
  • LEE Eunsong
    School of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University
  • HIRAYAMA Hiroki
    Reproductive Biotechnology Laboratory, Hokkaido Animal Research Center
  • MATSUOKA Koji
    The Institute of Cetacean Research
  • FUJISE Yoshihiro
    The Institute of Cetacean Research
  • ISHIKAWA Hajime
    The Institute of Cetacean Research
  • OHSUMI Seiji
    The Institute of Cetacean Research
  • FUKUI Yutaka
    Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine

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The objectives of this study were to choose an effective embryo reconstruction method and an effective post-activation agent for in vitro production of sei whale (Balaenoptera borealis) interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer (iSCNT) embryos. Moreover, trichostatin A (TSA) treatment of whale iSCNT embryos was performed to improve the in vitro embryo development. In Experiment 1, the fusion rate was significantly higher (88.1%) in embryos reconstructed using the intracytoplasmic cell injection method (ICI) than that (48.7%) in the subzonal cell insertion (SUZI) counterpart. The rates of pseudopronucleus (PPN) formation (77.4 vs. 77.2%) and cleavage (24.5 vs. 37.0%) did not vary between ICI and SUZI. However, the PPN formation and cleavage rates were significantly (P<0.05) lower in the iSCNT embryos than in the parthenogenetic control (95.7% and 64.4%, respectively). Although 21.5% of the bovine parthenogenetic embryos developed to the blastocyst stage, no iSCNT embryo developed beyond the 6-cell stage. In Experiment 2, the cleavage rate did not vary between the TSA (50 nM)-treated and non-treated whale iSCNT embryos (30.5 vs. 32.3%, respectively). Moreover, it did not vary between the TSA-treated iSCNT and SCNT embryos (30.5 vs. 32.0%, respectively). Only one TSA non-treated iSCNT embryo developed to a compacted morula with 20 nuclei. One TSA-treated whale SCNT embryo developed to the 8-cell stage, and out of five whale iSCNT embryos, a 6-cell stage embryo was positive for whale DNA. In conclusion, bovine oocytes have the ability to support development of sei whale nuclei up to the 6-cell stage.<br>

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