Candida spp. in periodontal disease: a brief review

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  • Sardi Janaina C. O.
    Department of Oral Diagnosis, Microbiology and Immunology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas
  • Duque Cristiane
    Department of Dentistry, Pediatric Dentistry, Federal Fluminense University
  • Mariano Flávia S.
    Department of Oral Diagnosis, Microbiology and Immunology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas
  • Peixoto Iza T. A.
    Department of Oral Diagnosis, Microbiology and Immunology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas
  • Höfling José F.
    Department of Oral Diagnosis, Microbiology and Immunology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas
  • Gonçalves Reginaldo B.
    Department of Oral Diagnosis, Microbiology and Immunology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University Laval

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Although the main reservoir of Candida spp. is believed to be the buccal mucosa, these microorganisms can coaggregate with bacteria in subgingival biofilm and adhere to epithelial cells. Such interactions are associated with the capacity of Candida spp. to invade gingival conjunctive tissue, and may be important in the microbial colonization that contributes to progression of oral alterations caused by diabetes mellitus, some medications, and immunosuppressive diseases such as AIDS. In addition, immune deficiency can result in proliferation of Candida spp. and germination of forms that are more virulent and have a higher capacity to adhere to and penetrate cells in host tissues. The virulence factors of Candida spp. increase host susceptibility to proliferation of these microorganisms and are likely to be important in the study of periodontal disease. Herein, we briefly review the literature pertaining to the role of Candida spp. in periodontal disease, and consider the main virulence factors, the host immune response to these microorganisms, and the effect of concomitant immunosuppressive conditions. (J Oral Sci 52, 177-185, 2010)

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