〈言語学と言語障害学との接点〉　　コミュニケーション障害の言語学的記述と評価

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  • 峰岸 真琴
    東京外国語大学アジア・アフリカ言語文化研究所

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  • Finding the Common Ground between Linguistics and Communication Disorders: Linguistic Description and Estimation of Communiation Disorder
  • コミュニケーション ショウガイ ノ ゲンゴガクテキ キジュツ ト ヒョウカ

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This paper attempts to create an estimative method for communication disorders in Japanese. In communication, the speaker has a full command of language functions to deliver information. The author therefore assumes that classifying language forms, which reflect linguistic functions, will be a clue to estimating the speaker's communication ability. By analyzing linguistic forms in narratives reflecting language disorders, such as aphasia, specific language impairment, autism, dementia and mental retardation, the following functions are extracted for evaluation. (1) The narrative or descriptive function to set an event in a certain time and space, which is realized as aspectual markers, co-verbs and conjunctions. (2) The logical function to denote logical relations between events, which is expressed in co-verbs, conjunctions and postpositions. (3) The emotive function to express feelings evoked by the event, which is realized in modal auxiliary verbs and adverbs with emotive meaning. (4) The invoking or interactive function that expects the hearer's response and utilizes context dependent information such as topics, which is reflected in sentence-final particles, onomatopoeic expressions, and presence or absence of topics. Use of auxiliaries and complexity of argument structures are also used for measuring syntactic sophistication of narratives.

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