Effects of inorganic ions on autophagy in hepatocytes.

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  • FUJIOKA A.
    Department of Anatomy, Kinki University School of Medicine
  • OHTSUKI M.
    Department of Anatomy, Kinki University School of Medicine
  • NAGANO M.
    Department of Anatomy, Kinki University School of Medicine
  • WELLS W.W.
    Department of Biochemistry, Michigan State University

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The effects of inorganic phosphate and divalent cations, Ca2+ and Mg2+, on autophagy were morphologically studied using perfused livers. High concentrations of phosphates in perfusate caused an increased number of macroautophagic vacuoles and translocation of lysosomes around a nucleus, like a glucagon solution. On the other hand, the depletion of phosphate in a glucagon solution showed no effect on the lysosomal elements or showed decreased numbers of microautophagic vacuoles. A divalent cation-free solution caused a similar decrease in the microautophagic vacuoles. There was a significant difference in the number of the macroor microautophagic vacuoles between either the high phosphate or the glucagon solution and either the phosphate-free or the divalent cation-free solution. The use of those inorganic ions in autopahgy was suggested. It has been proposed that inorganic phosphates along with Ca2+ are used for membrane fusion. The present study shows an increased number of autophagosomes in the high phosphate solution and high incidence of the autophagosomes in the phosphate-free or the divalent cation-free solution. Thus, these inoganic ions may be connected with the formation of autophagosomes and in the fusion of them with lysosomes.

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