各種動物耳管の比較解剖学的研究

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  • Comparative anatomy of the eustachian tube in several animal species.
  • カクシュ ドウブツ ジカン ノ ヒカク カイボウガクテキ ケンキュウ

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The histology, physiology and functional anatomy of the human eustachian tube has been described in many reports, but there have been no comparative studies of the anatomy of the eustachian tube as it develops from the lower to the higher animals, or as it changes with aging in animals and in humans.<br>This study was tried to compare the antomy of the eustachian tube of several animal species and of human beings.<br>1. The pharyngeal orifice of frogs and lizards resembled that of 2 month old human fetuses.<br>The mammalian pharyngeal orifice was a slit, and the torus tubaris was not clear except in cats and pigs.<br>2. Phylogenetically, the pharyngeal orifice of the lower mammals is situated below the hard palate, while in the higher mammals, it is situated above the hard palate.<br>3. The relationship between the levator palatini muscle and the eustachian tube changes with age as stated by Holborow, also can be obeserved phylogenetically.<br>4. In animal cartilage, the lateral lamina was well developed than the medial lamina.<br>The morphological changes of cartilage described by Holborow were verified phylogenetically.<br>5. The tubal cartilage of lower mammals was hyaline, while that of higher mammals was elastic cartilage was noted no specific distribution of elastic fibers, and no island formation of chondrocytes could be verified.<br>6. In guinea pigs, rabbits and cats, the angle between the base of the skull and the tubal cavity was acute.<br>7. Because the development of the air cells and cerebrum was immature, the bony tubes of mammals were not as well developed as these of human being.<br>8. Because the righ and left air cells are connected with each other in birds, their tubal functions interfere each other.

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