Neurodevelopmental Effects of Low-level Prenatal Mercury Exposure From Maternal Fish Consumption in a Mediterranean Cohort: Study Rationale and Design

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  • Valent Francesca
    Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences (DSMB), University of Udine Institute of Hygiene and Clinical Epidemiology, University Hospital of Udine
  • Horvat Milena
    Jozef Stefan Institute
  • Sofianou-Katsoulis Aikaterini
    Institute of Child Health
  • Spiric Zdravko
    OIKON Ltd, Institute for Applied Ecology
  • Mazej Darja
    Jozef Stefan Institute
  • Little D’Anna
    Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences (DSMB), University of Udine
  • Prasouli Alexia
    Institute of Child Health
  • Mariuz Marika
    Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences (DSMB), University of Udine
  • Tamburlini Giorgio
    Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS Burlo Garofolo
  • Nakou Sheena
    Institute of Child Health
  • Barbone Fabio
    Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences (DSMB), University of Udine Institute of Hygiene and Clinical Epidemiology, University Hospital of Udine

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Background: Mercury is a neurotoxic environmental pollutant. However, the literature on the neurodevelopmental effect of low-level prenatal mercury exposure from maternal fish intake is inconsistent. We assessed the association between prenatal mercury exposure and infant neurodevelopment in coastal areas of 4 Mediterranean countries.<BR>Methods: This was a prospective cohort study that planned to enroll approximately 1700 mother–infant pairs. Pregnant women and their newborn children were recruited in selected hospitals of the study areas. Biological samples, including maternal hair and cord blood, were collected from mothers and children, and the concentrations of mercury and other elements were measured. Exposures to lifestyle, environmental, and social factors were assessed through questionnaires. The main outcome was child neurodevelopment at 18 months, as measured by the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition.<BR>Conclusions: This cohort has a number of strengths. First, mercury concentration was measured in several biological samples, which allows for a better understanding of mercury kinetics and is useful for sensitivity analyses. Therefore, we expect to be able to adjust for the potential confounding effects of lifestyle and social factors and for the effects of other elements that were measured in the biological samples. Finally, this is a multinational study and thus permits assessment of the relation between mercury and child neurodevelopment in different populations.

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