Relationship of Progesterone, Bovine Pregnancy-Associated Glycoprotein-1 and Nitric Oxide with Late Embryonic and Early Fetal Mortalities in Dairy Cows

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  • KAREN Aly
    MTA-SZIE Large Animal Clinical Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Üllő-Dóra Major 2225, Hungary Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516 Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
  • BAJCSY Árpád Csaba
    MTA-SZIE Large Animal Clinical Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Üllő-Dóra Major 2225, Hungary
  • MINOIA Rosa
    Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70010 Valenzano (Ba), Italy
  • KOVÁCS Rezső
    MTA-SZIE Large Animal Clinical Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Üllő-Dóra Major 2225, Hungary
  • DE SOUSA Noelita Melo
    Laboratory of Animal Endocrinology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sart-Tilman 4000, Belgium
  • BECKERS Jean-François
    Laboratory of Animal Endocrinology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sart-Tilman 4000, Belgium
  • TIBOLD János
    Agroproduct Zrt, Páp, 8500, Hungary
  • MÁDL István
    Agroproduct Zrt, Páp, 8500, Hungary
  • SZENCI Ottó
    MTA-SZIE Large Animal Clinical Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Üllő-Dóra Major 2225, Hungary

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The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship of progesterone (P4), bovine pregnancy-associated glycoprotein-1 (bPAG-1) and nitric oxide (NO) levels with late embryonic (LEM; day 28 to day 42) and early fetal mortalities (EFM; > day 42 to day 56) in dairy cows. Transrectal ultrasonography (6–8 MHz) was performed in 100 Holstein-Friesian cows at days 28, 42 and 56 after artificial insemination (AI; day 0) to diagnose pregnancy and to monitor the fate of the embryo. After ultrasound scanning of each cow, a milk sample was collected for assessment of P4 by an ELISA test and a blood sample was collected for assessment of bPAG-1, by using a double-antibody radioimmunoassay, and serum NO metabolites (nitrate + nitrite). Based on ultrasonographic examinations and bPAG-1-RIA, 41 of 100 inseminated cows were confirmed pregnant at day 28 after AI. Nine cows suffered of LEM, and 6 cows suffered of EFM and the overall pregnancy loss rate was 36.6% (15/41) between days 28 and 56 of pregnancy. By logistic regression analysis, there were no significant relationships between the level of P4 and bPAG-1 at day 28 after AI and the occurrence of LEM and EFM. Also, there were no significant relationships between the levels of P4 and bPAG-1 at day 42 and the occurrence of EFM. On the other hand, a significant relationship (P<0.05) was found between NO level at day 28 and the occurrence of LEM. In conclusion, measurement of the serum NO concentration at day 28 of pregnancy might help to predict the outcome of pregnancy by day 42 in dairy cows but further studies are needed to confirm this.

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