Expression of Cyiokines in Bacterial and Viral Infections and Their Biochemical Aspects.

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  • Imanishi Jiro
    Department of Microbiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine

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Cytokines are very important in the host defense system, and play a critical role in pro-tection against bacterial and viral infections. Cytokines are also involved in the patho-genesis and development of symptoms in infections. In this article, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection as bacterial infection, and influenza virus infection, encephalomyo-carditis virus (EMCV) infection, and herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection as viral infec-tion are mentioned. In H. pylori infection, various chemokines, especially interleukin (IL)-8, induce inflammatory responses in the gastroduodenal mucosa. Furthermore, IL-6, IL-7, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interferon (IFN)-γ are involved in both protec-tion and pathogenesis. In influenza virus infection, IFN-α/β, IFN-γ, and IL-6 play protec-tive roles. In EMCV infection, IL-6 and TNF-α play important roles as a protective and exacerbative factor in acute myocarditis, respectively. Furthermore, in HSV infection, the production of inflammatory cytokines is closely correlated with the pathogenesis of herpetic keratitis, and IFN-γ plays an important role in enhancing viral clearance from the cornea and trigeminal ganglions.

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