皮膚Ｉ型アレルギーとヒスタミン

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タイトル別名
  • Histamine and Type I Cutaneous Hypersensitivity.

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Histamine is synthesized from histidine by histidinedecarboxylase mainly in mast cells and basophils, where it is stored and released in response to various stimuli. It is also synthesized in ECL cells in stomach, macrophage, T lymphocytes and keratinocytes, which, in contrast, release without storing. Released histamine is rapidly metabolized by two pathways; one starting with diamine oxydase, the other with histamine-N-methyltransferase, and finally evacuated mostly in urine as methyl imidazol acetic acid. Histamine is one of the most important mediators in type I cutaneous hypersensitivity. Most of classical reactions such as vasodilatation and itching occur via H1 receptors rather than H2 or H3 receptors. Plasma histamine concentrations are high in both urticaria andatopic dermatitis. It is likely due to either increase of basophil population or increaseof histamine content in individual basophils in atopic dermatitis, while it is due to highdegree of degranulation of individual basophils in urticaria. Mast cells and basophils release various cytokines as well as histamine, but regulation of the synthesis and/or release of cytokine is distinct from that of histamine. It is, therefore, important to study mast cell activation not only in the aspect of histamine release but also its relation to cytokine productions.

収録刊行物

  • 皮膚

    皮膚 38 (6), 564-570, 1996

    日本皮膚科学会大阪地方会

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