ENTOMOLOGICAL AND RODENT SURVEILLANCE OF SUSPECTED PLAGUE FOCI IN AGRO-ENVIRONMENTAL AND FERAL BIOTOPES OF A FEW DISTRICTS IN MAHARASHTRA AND GUJARAT STATES OF INDIA

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  • KUMAR Kaushal
    <I>Medical Entomology and Vector Control Division, National Institute of Communicable Diseases</I>
  • SHARMA Sushil Kumar
    <I>Medical Entomology and Vector Control Division, National Institute of Communicable Diseases</I>
  • GILL Kuldip Singh
    <I>Medical Entomology and Vector Control Division, National Institute of Communicable Diseases</I>
  • KATYAL Rakesh
    <I>Medical Entomology and Vector Control Division, National Institute of Communicable Diseases</I>
  • BISWAS Shymal
    <I>Plague Surveillance Unit, National Institute of Communicable Diseases</I>
  • LAL Sohan
    <I>Plague Surveillance Unit, National Institute of Communicable Diseases</I>

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  • Entomological and rodent surveillance o

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Studies carried out on entomological and rodent surveillance in agro-climatic and feral biotopes of five districts of Maharashtra and two districts of Gujarat revealed that the terrain features of the seven districts surveyed were conducive to wild rodent species, Tatera indica, a natural reservoir of plague and vector flea species, Xenopsylla cheopis. A total of 214 Tatera indica and three Bandicoota bengalensis were collected from burrows by the digging method and 89 rat fleas were retrieved. The flea index calculated ranged from 0.26 to 1.0 in different districts. The examination of blood serum samples, contact tissue impression smears and tissue organs (heart, lung, liver and spleen) of these wild rodents did not reveal any evidence of plague activity. The natural harbourages of Tatera indica were found to be elevated land or raised margins of agricultural fields or barren land with thorny bushes/xerophytic plants and parthenium grass. Agricultural fields having wet soil were found to be the preferred harbourages of Bandicoota bengalensis. Movement of wild rodents toward human settlement was observed to be the common phenomenon during the harvesting season which may lead to the creation of favorable conditions for plague outbreaks.

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