Leukemia in GH Deficient Children

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  • Watanabe Shaw
    Leukemia Study Group of the Foundation for Growth Science, Japan, Epidemiology Division, National Cancer Center, Tokyo
  • Mizuno Shoichi
    Leukemia Study Group of the Foundation for Growth Science, Japan, Epidemiology Division, National Cancer Center, Tokyo
  • Tsunematsu Yukiko
    Hemato-oncology Division, National Children's Hospital
  • Komiyama Atsushi
    Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University
  • Yamanaka Chutaro
    Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto University
  • Kubota Masaru
    Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto University

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Leukemia Study Group of the Foundation for Growth Science, Japan, Epidemiology Division, National Cancer Center, Tokyo (SW SM), Hemato-oncology Division, National Children's Hospital (YT), Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University, Nagano (AK) and Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto University, Kyoto (CY, MK), Japan The incidence of leukemia, exduding malignant histiocytosis, among growth hormone (GH) users has reached 13 cases in Japan. These consist of six with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), five with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and two with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). In nine of these patients the leukemia was idiopathic, but the other three had underlying malignant decease and one had Fanconi's anemia. Leukemia developed during GH treatment in eight patients and after cessation of GH therapy in three. The longest interval between cessation of GH therapy and the onset of leukemia was 10 years. One patient with AML was considered to be already at the preleukemic stage when GH was started. Recently, two new leukemia cases (AML and CML) in GH deficient children who had not received GH have been reported. Analysis of these cases suggests that both high and low GH levels are risk factors for leukemia.

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