In vitro analysis of mediators of contact urticaria caused by cefotiam hydrochloride

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  • Miyahara Hiroko
    Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University
  • Imayama Shuhei
    Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University
  • Koga Tetsuya
    Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University
  • Hori Yoshiaki
    Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University

抄録

Contact urticaria syndrome is a rare but potentially serious problem for hospital staff that handle antibiotics and other agents. While the cause is immunologic, little is known about the mediators involved. To investigate these mediators, three nurses with contact urticaria syndrome caused by exposure to cefotiam hydrochloride (CTM), and five normal controls were evaluated. IgE antibodies specific for CTM were detected by the radioallergosorbent technique (RAST). In response to CTM, cytokines were released from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and sulfidoleukotrienes were released from peripheral blood leukocytes. RAST counts in the three nurses with this syndrome exceeded those in the normal controls. The stimulation index of the leukotrienes released from the peripheral blood leukocytes in response to CTM also exceeded those in the normal controls. Higher levels of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were also detected in the supernatant of the patients' PBMC. The results suggest that contact urticaria syndrome caused by exposure to CTM was induced by an immunologic mechanism via IgE antibodies, and that GM-CSF and leukotrienes may be involved in this reaction.

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