Insight into the Mechanism of Reproductive Dysfunction Caused by Neonicotinoid Pesticides

  • Hoshi Nobuhiko
    Laboratory of Molecular Morphology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University
  • Hirano Tetsushi
    Laboratory of Molecular Morphology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University
  • Omotehara Takuya
    Laboratory of Molecular Morphology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University
  • Tokumoto Junko
    Laboratory of Molecular Morphology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University
  • Umemura Yuria
    Laboratory of Molecular Morphology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University
  • Mantani Youhei
    Laboratory of Histophysiology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University
  • Tanida Takashi
    Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
  • Warita Katsuhiko
    Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University
  • Tabuchi Yoshiaki
    Division of Molecular Genetics Research, 
Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama
  • Yokoyama Toshifumi
    Laboratory of Molecular Morphology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University
  • Kitagawa Hiroshi
    Laboratory of Histophysiology, Department of Animal Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University

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Neonicotinoids, which were developed in the 1990 s as an insecticide having selective toxicity, were later found to cause reproductive abnormalities in experimental animals. In Japan there is an attempt to preserve endangered animals, including the Japanese crested ibis, and there is a question of whether neonicotinoids affect the reproduction of this bird, since they are used in its habitat. Hence, we investigated whether the daily oral administration of the neonicotinoid clothianidin (CTD) has any deleterious effects on the reproductive function of mature male only or both young male and female quails as experimental animals. Vacuolization and the number of germ cells having fragmented DNA in seminiferous tubules, as well as the number and size of vacuoles in hepatocytes, increased dose-dependently. The ovaries showed abnormal histology in the granulosa cells, which produce progesterone. There were significant differences in egg-laying rates and embryo weights between the groups. Glutathione Peroxidase 4 (GPx4) and Manganese Superoxide Dismutase (Mn-SOD), which protect the organism from oxidative damage, showed a dose-dependent decrease. Thus, it is possible neonicotinoids affect the bird’s reproductive system through oxidative stress, reflecting an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a biological system’s ability to readily detoxify the reactive intermediates or easily repair the resulting damage. Responding to our study, Sado Island has since succeeded in breeding Japanese crested ibis in the wild without the use of neonicotinoids.

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