Detection of characteristic heterochromatin distribution, highly amplified rRNA genes and presence of the human satellite III DNA motif in the scleractinian coral Echinophyllia aspera Ellis and Solander 1788

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  • Taguchi Takahiro
    Division of Human Health and Medical Science, Graduate School of Kuroshio Science, Kochi University
  • Kubota Satoshi
    Division of Human Health and Medical Science, Graduate School of Kuroshio Science, Kochi University
  • Mezaki Takuma
    Kuroshio Biological Research Foundation
  • Sekida Satoko
    Division of Marine Bioresources, Graduate School of Kuroshio Science, Kochi University
  • Okuda Kazuo
    Division of Marine Bioresources, Graduate School of Kuroshio Science, Kochi University
  • Nakachi Shu
    Kuroshio Biological Research Foundation
  • Shinbo Teruyuki
    Division of Environmental Science, Graduate School of Kuroshio Science, Kochi University
  • Iiguni Yoshiaki
    Division of Environmental Science, Graduate School of Kuroshio Science, Kochi University
  • Tominaga Akira
    Division of Human Health and Medical Science, Graduate School of Kuroshio Science, Kochi University

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タイトル別名
  • Detection of characteristic heterochromatin distribution, highly amplified rRNA genes and presence of the human satellite III DNA motif in the scleractinian coral <i>Echinophyllia aspera</i> Ellis and Solander 1788

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Molecular cytogenetic investigation based on fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of the scleractinian coral, Echinophyllia aspera Ellis and Solander 1788, which is commonly found along temperate coasts in Japan (30-35°N) and in coastal waters in the Indian and Pacific oceans, was performed. FISH was applied in the study of this coral, using E. aspera embryo (about 9-12 hours after artificial fertilization; prawn chip stage). By genomic DNA hybridization (GDH) using DNA that was extracted from E. aspera embryos, we have succeeded in displaying the characteristic and distinct heterochromatin distribution, especially on telomeric regions of chromosomes, which may facilitate the classification of corals. FISH mapping of rRNA genes (rDNAs) was successfully carried out with the probe generated by PCR amplification using rRNA gene primers and revealed that extraordinary amplification of rDNA occurred in one of the homologous chromosomes similar to that in a homogeneous staining region (hsr) that is sometimes seen in human cancer cells. The presence of telomere sequences, (TTAGGG)n, in all chromosomes was visualized and demonstrated that this coral had the same sequences as humans. Based on these results obtained by FISH, we proposed the karyotype of this coral (2n = 28). Furthermore, we found that the telomeric heterochromatin in this coral contained the human satellite III DNA motif sequence (TTCCA)n, which is located on human chromosome 9 centromere. Taken together, these data suggest that karyotyping, rRNA gene mapping and heterochromatin motif sequences are useful tools for exploring the process of chromosome evolution, and phylogenetics of scleractinian coral.

収録刊行物

  • Chromosome Science

    Chromosome Science 16 (3+4), 33-38, 2013

    一般社団法人 染色体学会

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