Characterization of a Riboflavin Non-aqueous Nanosuspension Prepared by Bead Milling for Cutaneous Application

  • Sato Takayuki
    Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University Pharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical Science Laboratories, Research Headquarters, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
  • Takeuchi Hiroyuki
    Pharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical Science Laboratories, Research Headquarters, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
  • Sakurai Takanobu
    Drug Safety, Drug Safety and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories, Research Headquarters, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
  • Tanaka Kensuke
    Pharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical Science Laboratories, Research Headquarters, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
  • Matsuki Kota
    Pharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical Science Laboratories, Research Headquarters, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
  • Higashi Kenjirou
    Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University
  • Moribe Kunikazu
    Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University
  • Yamamoto Keiji
    Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University

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The purpose of this study was to characterize the non-aqueous nanosuspension of a hydrophilic drug prepared by bead milling for cutaneous application. Riboflavin was used as the model hydrophilic drug. The non-aqueous nanosuspensions were prepared by grinding riboflavin with zirconia beads using eight non-aqueous bases. The mean particle size of riboflavin in the suspensions ranged from 206 to 469 nm, as determined by the dynamic light scattering method. Among the well-dispersed samples, riboflavin nanosuspension prepared in oleic acid was selected for evaluation of the drug permeability through rat skin. The cumulative amount and permeation rate of riboflavin from the nanosuspension were approximately three times higher than those for unprocessed riboflavin in oleic acid. Fluorescence imaging of the riboflavin nanosuspension suggested improved penetration of riboflavin into the stratum corneum. Furthermore, the addition of polysorbate 65 or polyglyceryl-6 polyricinoleate to the nanosuspension prepared in oleic acid markedly improved the riboflavin dispersibility. These results show that the preparation of a nanosuspension in a non-aqueous base by bead milling is one of the simple methods to improve the skin permeability of hydrophilic drugs.

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