Desmin and Vimentin Expression during Embryonic Development of Tensor Veli Palatini Muscle in Mice

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During embryonic palatogenesis, development of the secondary palate represents a particularly complex process involving the formation, elevation and midline fusion of the palatal shelves. In recent years, it has been shown that the specific expression of type I collagen and periostin in the palatal aponeurosis results in formation of the soft palate. However, few reports have examined soft palate development in relation to the skeletal muscles connected to the palatal aponeurosis. Thus, in the present study, focusing on the tensor veli palatine muscle and surrounding tissues in embryonic mice, we performed immunohistochemical examination and real-time PCR (RT-PCR) in order to investigate the expression of desmin and vimentin. Low levels of desmin expression were observed in the tensor veli palatine muscle on embryonic day (ED) 12.5, with the levels of expression increasing from ED 13.5 to 15.5. In addition at ED 12.5, desmin was observed to accumulate in the area of the myotendinous junction, and this accumulation remained unchanged up to ED 15.5. Meanwhile, vimentin expression was observed in the tensor veli palatine muscle and surrounding tissue at ED 12.5, and this level of expression did not change up to ED 15.5. Strong expression of vimentin was observed at ED 14.5 only in the medial edge epithelium (MEE). Both immunohistochemical examination and RT-PCR yielded consistent results. In the present study, we found that desmin accumulates in the vicinity of the myotendinous junction at ED 12.5, which is prior to initiation of swallowing movement. From this, we are able to conclude that this accumulation of desmin is caused by factors other than mechanical stress resulting from initial muscle contraction. Furthermore, the elevated expression of vimentin during embryogenesis, and that of desmin after differentiation, suggest that there may be some interaction between the two intermediate filaments in determining muscle cell differentiation.

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